Capitalism stands unrivalled as the economic system of our times. Since the collapse of the Soviet bloc, the world has become a stage for capital, and yet despite this dominance, capitalism is still not well-understood. This is a guide to thinking about capitalism, both as an ideology and as an economic system. It asks: what are the central, unchanging features of capitalism? How does capitalism vary from place to place and over time? Is capitalism a system which is ‘natural’ and ‘free’? Or is it unjust and unstable? And what about today’s global capitalism? Answers to these questions and many more are sought through analysing the life of this world-shaping idea and of the writings of leading thinkers such as Adam Smith, Milton Friedman, Francis Fukuyama, John Maynard Keynes and Karl Marx.