In this second volume in a two-volume set, Alexander (orthodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, U. of Texas Dental Branch, and New York U. Dental School) explains the concept of long-term stability in orthodontics, seeing the treatment goal as keeping the mandibular anterior teeth as close as possible to their original positions and building the rest of the occlusion around them. He identifies six guidelines for long-term stability--surrounding tissues, anterior torque control, skeletal control, transverse control, occlusion, and soft tissue profile and smile--with discussion of research evidence, mechanical techniques, exceptions, special considerations, factors related to relapse, and cases.