Respiratory failure remains the most common cause of neonatal death. The primary abnormality in hyaline membrane disease (HMD) is atelectasis, therefore, the therapeutic objective is to reduce it.The use of mechanical ventilation in preterm infants causes lung damage in about 20% of the survivors, which is clinically manifested by a clinical picture known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).In recent decades there have been constant improvements in the technology of ventilators for neonatal use, which have contributed effectively to the reduction of morbidity and mortality in newborns with severe respiratory problems.